Kolkata, India
| PART 1: Definition of Megacity | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Brinkhoff population (2010) | 16,300,000 | |||
| Population | 13,205,697 | na | 14,112,536 | |
| Population growth rate 2001-11 | 6.87 | |||
| GDP (millions) | 565,262 | 1,020,888 | 1,610,996 | Indian rupee; 2011 value projected from national GDP growth rate |
| >GDP (PPP adjusted US dollars, millions) | 41,563 | 67,608 | 81,363 | |
| *10-year growth rate in GDP 2001 to 2011 (%) | 95.76 | |||
| Formal gov't for metro area (yes/no)? | Y | |||
| > 1 coordinating bodies (yes/no)? | Y | |||
| PART 2: Biophysical Characteristics | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Land area (km2) | 1,886.67 | |||
| Urbanized area (km2) | 185.00 | Kolkata 'city'; not KMA | ||
| Heating degree days | 96.00 | |||
| Cooling degree days | 1,076.00 | |||
| Annnual precipitation (mm) | 1,241.20 | |||
| Annual solar radiation (k Wh/m2) | ? | |||
| Building gross floor area (m2) - total | na | |||
| >total per capita | ||||
| >residential | ||||
| >residential per capita | ||||
| >commercial & institutional | ||||
| >industrial | ||||
| PART 3: Urban Metabolism | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Energy (Stationary) | ||||
| Electricity consumption (GWh) - renewable | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Electricity consumption (GWh) - grid | na | 9889.39 | 12383.02 | 2001 figure for Kolkata city, not KMA |
| Electrical line losses (GWh) | ||||
| *Total electricity consumption (GWh) | 9,889.39 | 12,383.02 | ||
| *Total electricity consumption (TJ) | 35,601.80 | 44,578.87 | ||
| *10-year growth rate 2001-2011 (%) | ||||
| Natural gas (TJ) | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 | |
| Fuel oil (TJ) | see 'other' (below) | |||
| Coal (TJ) | na | na | na | |
| Biomass/biofuels (TJ) | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 | |
| Other | ||||
| 214.71 | 638.33 | 89.94 | diesel (TJ) | |
| 908.57 | 2,869.95 | 1,441.33 | furnace oil (TJ) | |
| 50.33 | 667.57 | 37.45 | lubes & greases (TJ) | |
| 2,159.07 | 5,383.38 | 4,759.42 | LPG (bulk + packed) (TJ) | |
| 659.92 | 230.42 | 20.32 | mineral oil (TJ) | |
| *Total energy consumption (heating + ind. fuels) (TJ) | 3,992.60 | 9,789.64 | 6,348.46 | |
| *Total energy consumption (res & comm heating) (TJ) | 5,923.11 | |||
| Energy (Mobile) | ||||
| Gasoline (TJ) | 545.02 | 1,170.82 | 2,519.41 | |
| Diesel (TJ) | 1,871.07 | 5,736.96 | 9,580.34 | |
| Jet fuel (TJ) | 144.90 | 4,028.94 | 6,615.76 | |
| Marine fuel (TJ) | ||||
| Other | 968.90 | natural gas; scaled from nat. data | ||
| 51.43 | 324.39 | LPG (auto) (TJ) | ||
| 2,169.81 | 3,824.49 | 4,553.54 | kerosene (TJ) | |
| *Total energy consumption (transportation) excl. marine/jet fuel (TJ) | 4,585.89 | 10,783.71 | 17,946.58 | |
| *10-year growth rate | 291.34 | |||
| *Total energy consumption (stationary + mobile) (TJ) | 8,578.49 | 56,175.15 | 68,873.91 | |
| *2011 total | 68,873.91 | |||
| *2006 total | 56,175.15 | |||
| **2001 total | 8,578.49 | |||
| *10-year growth rate 2001-2011 (%) | 702.87 | |||
| Water | ||||
| Consumption (ML) -- excluding line losses | 443,840.00 | 1,133,540.00 | incl. private H2O tapping; unreliable data | |
| Line losses (ML) | 155,344.00 | 249,378.80 | ||
| >Line losses as a percentage of consumption (%) | 35.0% | 22.0% | ||
| *Total water consumption (ML) excluding line losses | 0.00 | 443,840.00 | 1,133,540.00 | |
| *Total water consumption (ML) including line losses | 0.00 | 599,184.00 | 1,382,918.80 | |
| Production (ML) | 387,703.00 | 394,200.00 | 768,470.00 | |
| Production - surface water (ML) | na | 350,838.00 | 582,451.00 | |
| Production - ground water (ML) | na | 43,362.00 | 186,019.00 | |
| *10-year growth rate in water consumption 2001-2011 (%) | #DIV/0! | |||
| Wastewater | ||||
| Volume (ML) | na | 63,145.00 | 78,256.00 | |
| Loading (kt BOD) | na | na | 27.70 | 354 mg/litre |
| Waste | ||||
| Solid waste disposal - land (Kt) | 1,065.00 | 1,067.00 | 1,070.00 | years 2003, 2005, 2013 |
| Waste incineration (Kt) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | facilities expected to operate soon |
| *Total solid waste disposal (kt) | 1,065.00 | 1,067.00 | 1,070.00 | |
| *10-year growth rate in solid waste disposal 2001-2011 (%) | 0.47 | |||
| Electricity sources | ||||
| Coal (%) | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | |
| Oil (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Natural gas (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hydropower (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nuclear (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Off-site wind (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Off-site solar (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | ||||
| GHG emissions factor (t CO2e / GWh) | ? | 0.846 t/MWh (coal) | ||
| Electricity consumption (2011) | ||||
| residential (%) | 46.74 | |||
| commercial/institutional (%) | 17.34 | |||
| industrial (%) | 27.86 | |||
| transportation (%) | 0.04 | railway | ||
| other | 0.4 | public water works and sewage pump | ||
| 0.42 | public lighting | |||
| 1.21 | agricultural irrigation and dewatering | |||
| 0.16 | other | |||
| Stationary energy consumption (2011) | energy source is LPG | |||
| residential (%) | 93.3 | |||
| commercial/institutional (%) | ||||
| industrial (%) | 0.4 | |||
| other | 6.4 | transportation | ||
| Materials (2011) | ||||
| Building materials | poor data quality | |||
| Cement | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | na | |||
| >production (Kt) | 0.00 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 7,758.52 | |||
| Steel | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | na | |||
| >production (Kt) | 0.00 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 2,652.77 | |||
| Other | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | na | aluminum | ||
| >production (Kt) | 0.00 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 72.10 | |||
| >net import (Kt) | na | paints & ceramic tiles | ||
| >production (Kt) | 0.00 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 241.91 | |||
| Food | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | see below | |||
| >production (Kt) | ||||
| >consumption (Kt) | ||||
| Other | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | na | cereals | ||
| >production (Kt) | na | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 1,836.16 | |||
| net import (Kt) | na | pulses and pulse products | ||
| production (Kt) | na | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 200.04 | |||
| net import (Kt) | na | vegetables | ||
| production (Kt) | na | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 1,778.22 | |||
| net import (Kt) | na | fruits | ||
| production (Kt) | na | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 1,065.60 | |||
| net import (Kt) | na | meat | ||
| production (Kt) | na | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 732.60 | |||
| net import (Kt) | na | dairy | ||
| production (Kt) | na | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 1,385.28 | |||
