London, United Kingdom
| PART 1: Definition of Megacity | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Brinkhoff population (2010) | 12,400,000 | |||
| Population | 7,322,400 | 7,546,600 | 8,173,941 | |
| Population growth rate 2001-11 | 11.63 | |||
| GDP (millions) | 168,410 | 225,270 | 270,830 | GBD (pounds); 2010 |
| >GDP (PPP adjusted US dollars, millions) | 280,683 | 375,450 | 386,900 | |
| *10-year growth rate in GDP 2001 to 2011 (%) | 37.84 | |||
| Formal gov't for metro area (yes/no)? | Y | |||
| > 1 coordinating bodies (yes/no)? | Y | |||
| PART 2: Biophysical Characteristics | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Land area (km2) | 1,594.70 | |||
| Urbanized area (km2) | 560.10 | |||
| Heating degree days | 2,333.00 | |||
| Cooling degree days | 6.00 | |||
| Annnual precipitation (mm) | 601.00 | |||
| Annual solar radiation (k Wh/m2) | 1,050.00 | |||
| Building gross floor area (m2) - total | 214,280,830 | |||
| >total per capita | 28.39 | |||
| >residential | 138,961,340 | year 2005 | ||
| >residential per capita | 18.41 | |||
| >commercial & institutional | 75,319,490 | year 2005 | ||
| >industrial | ||||
| PART 3: Urban Metabolism | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | Comments |
| Energy (Stationary) | ||||
| Electricity consumption (GWh) - renewable | ||||
| Electricity consumption (GWh) - grid | 41,590.00 | 42,843.37 | 39,945.74 | |
| Electrical line losses (GWh) | 3,862.75 | 3,426.25 | 3,466.26 | |
| *Total electricity consumption (GWh) | 41,590.00 | 42,843.37 | 39,945.74 | |
| *Total electricity consumption (TJ) | 149,724.00 | 154,236.13 | 143,804.67 | |
| *10-year growth rate 2001-2011 (%) | -3.95 | |||
| Natural gas (TJ) | 320,814.00 | 277,020.36 | 230,094.00 | |
| Fuel oil (TJ) | 142,888.40 | 128,401.56 | 156,548.90 | |
| Coal (TJ) | 3.24 | |||
| Biomass/biofuels (TJ) | 361.44 | |||
| Other | ||||
| *Total energy consumption (heating + ind. fuels) (TJ) | 463,702.40 | 405,786.60 | 386,642.90 | |
| *Total energy consumption (res & comm heating) (TJ) | 142,284.59 | |||
| Energy (Mobile) | ||||
| Gasoline (TJ) | 112,661.55 | 97,568.14 | 73,729.17 | |
| Diesel (TJ) | 85,101.94 | 106,773.87 | 109,226.49 | |
| Jet fuel (TJ) | 61,650.00 | 1,770.60 | 1,556.20 | |
| Marine fuel (TJ) | 4,500.00 | 9,450.00 | 1,771.20 | |
| Other | ||||
| *Total energy consumption (transportation) excl. marine/jet fuel (TJ) | 197,763.49 | 204,342.01 | 182,955.66 | |
| *10-year growth rate | -7.49 | |||
| *Total energy consumption (stationary + mobile) (TJ) | 811,189.89 | 764,364.74 | 713,403.23 | |
| *2011 total | 713,403.23 | |||
| *2006 total | 764,364.74 | |||
| *2001 total | 811,189.89 | |||
| *10-year growth rate 2001-2011 (%) | -12.05 | |||
| Water | ||||
| Consumption (ML) -- excluding line losses | 503,150.00 | 512,382.00 | 558,319.00 | |
| Line losses (ML) | 159,887.00 | 210,378.00 | 148,947.00 | |
| >Line losses as a percentage of consumption (%) | 31.8% | 41.1% | 26.7% | |
| *Total water consumption (ML) excluding line losses | 503,150.00 | 512,382.00 | 558,319.00 | |
| *Total water consumption (ML) including line losses | 663,037.00 | 722,760.00 | 707,266.00 | |
| Production (ML) | ||||
| Production - surface water (ML) | ||||
| Production - ground water (ML) | ||||
| *10-year growth rate in water consumption 2001-2011 (%) | 10.96 | |||
| Wastewater | ||||
| Volume (ML) | ||||
| Loading (kt BOD) | ||||
| Waste | ||||
| Solid waste disposal - land (Kt) | 3,207.00 | 2,692.00 | 1,696.00 | |
| Waste incineration (Kt) | 886.00 | 767.00 | 896.00 | |
| *Total solid waste disposal (kt) | 4,093.00 | 3,459.00 | 2,592.00 | |
| *10-year growth rate in solid waste disposal 2001-2011 (%) | -36.67 | |||
| Electricity sources | ||||
| Coal (%) | 40 | 44.8 | 37.3 | |
| Oil (%) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | |
| Natural gas (%) | 31.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 | |
| Hydropower (%) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
| Nuclear (%) | 27.2 | 21.9 | 23.1 | |
| Off-site wind (%) | 1.6 | |||
| Off-site solar (%) | ||||
| Other | 1.9 | |||
| GHG emissions factor (t CO2e / GWh) | 487.37 | 511.17 | 457.47 | |
| Electricity consumption (2011) | ||||
| residential (%) | 12.4 | |||
| commercial/institutional (%) | 11.1 | |||
| industrial (%) | 11.4 | |||
| transportation (%) | 0.5 | |||
| other | 3.1 | energy industry | ||
| 0.3 | exports | |||
| 61.3 | conv/trans/distr losses | |||
| Stationary energy consumption (2011) | ||||
| residential (%) | 23.6 | |||
| commercial/institutional (%) | 13.2 | |||
| industrial (%) | 20.8 | |||
| other | 42.4 | transport | ||
| Materials (2011) | ||||
| other materials given | ||||
| Building materials | year 2000 | |||
| Cement | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | 43.57 | |||
| >production (Kt) | 1,459.78 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 1,503.35 | |||
| Steel | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | ||||
| >production (Kt) | ||||
| >consumption (Kt) | 642.00 | |||
| Other | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | ||||
| >production (Kt) | ||||
| >consumption (Kt) | ||||
| Food | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | 1,315.74 | |||
| >production (Kt) | 5,589.72 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 6,900.03 | |||
| Other | ||||
| >net import (Kt) | 1,182.39 | pulp & paper | ||
| >production (Kt) | 2,026.63 | |||
| >consumption (Kt) | 3,209.02 | |||
| net import (Kt) | 154.87 | plastic | ||
| production (Kt) | 535.90 | |||
| consumption (Kt) | 690.76 | |||
| rubber also given |
